Jordan Grafman, PhD, is director of Brain Injury Research and Chief of the Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory at the Shirley Ryan AbilityLab (SRALab) and Professor in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Before joining the SRALab, Dr. Grafman was Chief of the Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory at the National Institute Neurological Disorders and Stroke for several decades. His investigation of brain function and behavior has contributed to advances in medicine, rehabilitation, and psychology, and informs ethics, law, philosophy, and health policy. His study of the human prefrontal cortex and cognitive neuroplasticity incorporates neuroimaging and genetics, an approach that is expanding our knowledge of the impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as well as other diseases that impair brain function, such as stroke and degenerative diseases. Dr. Grafman always aims to translate his research into more effective, targeted rehabilitation to achieve the best outcomes for people with cognitive disabilities. He has authored more than 600 research publications, was co-editor of the journal Cortex, is current Editor of the Frontiers in Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology journal, and provides peer review for numerous specialty journals and grant institutions. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the second edition of the Encyclopedia of the Human Brain. His research impact factor of 150 is among the highest at Northwestern University. As noted above, while at the National Institutes of Health, he served as chief of the Cognitive Neuroscience Section at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. While in the US Air Force, he served at Walter Reed Army Medical Center as neuropsychology chief of the Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS), a long-term study of more than 500 soldiers with TBI suffered in combat. Dr. Grafman assumed leadership of the study since 1990. He is the world’s leading expert on the long-term effects of penetrating brain injuries in military personnel. His expertise includes the scope of challenges faced during recovery, including behavioral changes like aggression, late sequelae such as seizures, the impact of TBI on the onset of late-life neurodegenerative disorders, and the impact on TBI on family life and employment, and legal implications. He is an elected fellow of the American Psychological Association and the New York Academy of Sciences. Dr. Grafman is the recipient of many prestigious awards including the Department of Defense Meritorious Service Award, the National Institutes of Health Award of Merit, 2010 National Institutes of Health Director’s Award, and the Humboldt Research Award from Germany. He is a frequent speaker at national and international conferences. His expert opinion is often sought by national media on issues related to brain function and behavior, traumatic brain injury, cognitive rehabilitation, and policy and legal issues related to brain-behavior research. His current research focuses on the brain bases of belief and the brain networks supporting reward and reinforcement.